ECOROAD: A SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ROAD DEVELOPMENT IN NATIONAL PARK

Road infrastructure is acknowledge as supporting development for mobility in economic activities. Road infrastructure, in some point, will pass through national park. National park is conservations area for plants and animal. Their existence rely on the park itself. The road infrastructure could affect the animals habitat; fragment the habitat and endangered the existence of animals. Case study on 4 national park, based on World Wild Fund (WWF) collaborated work, are showing the urgency of mitigation of road infrastructure. In order to build a sustainable road infrastructure, ecology road (eco-road) is need to be defined to minimize the effect the road development and preserve functionality of national park for conservation. Eco-road development must support human welfare and wildlife livelihood. Indonesia, as the largest tropical rainforest in the world, are developing regulations on road constructions. There are many factors considered in proposing ideas in eco-road. Every factors must address issues in human welfare and wildlife livelihood. A comprehensive approach on enrichment of fragmented habitat is due. Specific issues based on native animals behaviour is observed. Novel concept are proposed to adhere aspect eco-road. And, draft regulations according existing law and eco-road as Sustainability Infrastructure for Supporting Wildlife Livelihood. Keywords: ecology road, sustainable inrastructure, sustainable developmen

Replicating natural topography on marine artificial structures:A novel approach to eco-engineering

Ocean sprawl is a growing threat to marine and coastal ecosystems globally, with wide-ranging consequences for natural habitats and species. Artificial structures built in the marine environment often support less diverse communities than natural rocky marine habitats because of low topographic complexity. Some structures can be eco-engineered to increase their complexity and promote biodiversity. Tried-and-tested eco-engineering approaches include building-in habitat designs to mimic features of natural reef topography that are important for biodiversity. Most designs mimic discrete microhabitat features like crevices or holes and are geometrically-simplified. Here we propose that directly replicating the full fingerprint of natural reef topography in habitat designs makes a novel addition to the growing toolkit of eco-engineering options. We developed a five-step process for designing natural topography-based eco-engineering interventions for marine artificial structures. Given that topography is highly spatially variable in rocky reef habitats, our targeted approach seeks to identify and replicate the ‘best’ types of reef topography to satisfy specific eco-engineering objectives. We demonstrate and evaluate the process by designing three natural topography-based habitat units for intertidal structures, each targeting one of three hypothetical eco-engineering objectives. The process described can be adapted and applied according to user-specific priorities. Expanding the toolkit for eco-engineering marine structures is crucial to enable ecologically-informed designs that maximise biodiversity benefits from burgeoning ocean sprawl

From Christian Spirituality To Eco-Friendliness

Spirituality connotes praxis informed by religious or faith convictions. This can transform the individual and society at large. Christian spirituality is centered on how a person’s relationship with the God of Jesus Christ informs and directs one’s approach to existence and engagement with the world. The ecosystem concerns humanity and relationship with it is invariably influenced by faith or religious informed praxis. The reality of climate change is convincing many people that humankind’s common homeland needs to be treated with care and respect if created beings are to have a congenial habitat now and in the future. This article avers that Christian spirituality can contribute to eco-friendly behavior through re-formation of the behavior of people and emboldening their goodwill as regards the responsibility of all towards the care of the earth. Finally, this research proffers a three-fold model of eco-spirituality - scriptural, selfcontrol, and sacramental approaches to the earth – as a contribution towards stemming the tide of ecological assaults on creation. Textual analysis is the method used in this research

Report of the ICES\NAFO Joint Working Group on Deep-water Ecology (WGDEC), 11–15 March 2013, Floedevigen, Norway.

On 11 February 2013, the joint ICES/NAFO WGDEC, chaired by Francis Neat (UK) and attended by ten members met at the Institute for Marine Research in Floedevi-gen, Norway to consider the terms of reference (ToR) listed in Section 2. WGDEC was requested to update all records of deep-water vulnerable marine eco-systems (VMEs) in the North Atlantic. New data from a range of sources including multibeam echosounder surveys, fisheries surveys, habitat modelling and seabed imagery surveys was provided. For several areas across the North Atlantic, WGDEC makes recommendations for areas to be closed to bottom fisheries for the purposes of conservation of VMEs

Using marine ecoengineering to mitigate biodiversity loss on modified structures in the Waitematā Harbour : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Conservation Biology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand

The construction of infrastructure on the foreshore is an unavoidable consequence of an ever-expanding human population. Traditionally, this infrastructure has replaced softsubstrates with hard substrates. Furthermore, even for native biota which occupy hard substrates, the flat, featureless construction of most marine infrastructure provides little habitat heterogeneity and results in depauperate communities with little biotic resistance against non-indigenous species. Marine ecoengineering provides a possible solution to this global phenomenon by using intelligent construction techniques that promote the accumulation of native biodiversity. Here, I used eco-engineered settlement plates to examine the effect of habitat complexity on the biodiversity of communities inhabiting existing. Additionally, we examined the effects of climate change driven increases in rainfall on the performance of ecoengineered substrates in the mid-intertidal zone. Last, we reviewed and synthesised the available literature on the species present in The Waitematā Harbour and, to the best of my knowledge, provide the most complete species lists to date. In chapter two, we transplanted eco-engineered settlement plates seeded with local bivalve, Perna canaliculus, onto an existing seawall and monitored the accumulation of biodiversity. Overall, we show that both structural and biological habitat heterogeneity enhanced the biodiversity of the seawall community. Additionally, we found that the cemented pavement of volcanic rock that constituted the existing seawall, accumulated biodiversity faster than flat concrete settlement plates, supporting the use of this type of seawall construction over flat concrete seawalls. However, benefits to biodiversity could be further enhanced by explicitly adopting ecoengineering designs that provide crevices for intertidal organisms. In chapter three, we examined the performance of ecoengineered substrates under the prediction that climate change will enhance rainfall by 20% in the Auckland region. While no effect of increased rainfall was observed for the mobile invertebrate community or the flat plates, increased rainfall did influence the biodiversity of the fouling community on the ridged plates, likely as a consequence of reduced desiccation stress. Although this was only a short-term experiment we predict that given time to develop, a distinct fouling community could influence the diversity mobile invertebrate community, shifting the whole community vertically up the seawall. The review of the Waitematā taxonomy presented in chapter four, provides a reference for future studies of the biodiversity of the Waitematā harbour as well as identifying several gaps in our understanding, a cause for concern. Specifically, we show that non-indigenous species make up a considerable proportion of the fouling species listed for the Harbour and suggest that some of this could have been avoided by the adoption of ecoengineering techniques. Overall, this thesis recognises that habitat heterogeneity, be it natural or man-made, is a vital driver of biodiversity. Each chapter provides additional insight, supporting the benefits of marine ecoengineering. These positive results within the Waitematā Harbour show potential for larger scale experimental trials and for the broader application of these techniques in other locations. By implementing intelligent design and eco-friendly materials in marine infrastructure, we can reduce the impact on local intertidal communities and indirectly reduce the spread of non-indigenous species

ECO - HABITAT

Artículo de investigaciónProyecto de grado asociado a la arquitectura, que busca satisfacer necesidades de un lugar específico con características únicas, donde se aplican griteríos de diseño arquitectónico urbano y constructivo de manera concurrente. Este proyecto nació de un concurso en Cali, donde se crearía una vivienda emergente, donde se debía cumplir a las condiciones climáticas y usarlas como medio energético y hacerlas ver parte del proyecto. Constructivamente debe tener materiales en lo posible de la zona que den gran impacto ambiental. Arquitectónicamente con espacios diseñados para una excelente calidad de vida. Con modificación de espacios con muros flexibles, urbanamente aceptable por el entorno con un diseño ambienta y paisajista de agrado para los usuarios nuevos y los ya existentes.1. INTRODUCCIÓN 2. HIPÓTESIS 3. OBJETIVOS 4. METODOLOGÍA 5. RESULTADOS 6. MARCO HISTÓRICO 7. CONCLUSIONES 8. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICASPregradoArquitect

Eco-evolutionary dynamics in fragmented landscapes

Peer reviewedPostprin

Eco-engineering of coastal infrastructure: A design for life

Relevant publication from this thesis: O’Shaughnessy K. A., Hawkins, S. J., Evans, A. J., Hanley, M. E., Lunt, P., Thompson, R. C., Francis, R. A., Hoggart, S., Moore, P., Iglesias, G., Simmonds, D., Ducker, J. and Firth, L. B. 2019. Design catalogue for eco-engineering of coastal artificial structures: a multifunctional approach for stakeholders and end-users. Urban Ecosystems. DOI: 10.1007/s11252-019-00924-z. O’Shaughnessy K.A., Hawkins, S.J., Yunnie, A.L.E., Hanley, M.E., Lunt, P., Thompson, R.C. and Firth, L.B. 2020. Occurrence and assemblage composition of intertidal non-native species may be influenced by shipping patterns and artificial structures. Marine Pollution Bulletin.Coastal urbanisation has driven humans to build artificial defences to protect infrastructure from rising sea level, erosion and stormier seas. Artificial structures are proliferating in the coastal and marine environments (“ocean sprawl”), resulting in a loss of natural habitat, species diversity and ecosystem services. To mitigate the impacts of ocean sprawl, the practice of eco-engineering of coastal infrastructure has been developed. A strong evidence base in support of eco-engineering is growing, yet there remain critical knowledge gaps. This work investigated the ecology of artificial structures and their ability to be enhanced in order to increase species diversity, addressing five knowledge gaps in the eco-engineering literature: (1) understanding of occurrence of non-native species in intertidal natural and artificial habitats along the south coasts of England; (2) looking beyond conventional measures of species diversity to better understand the differences in communities between natural and artificial habitats at multiple spatial scales; (3) comparing how topographic complexity shapes species diversity in both intertidal and subtidal habitats; (4) seeking generality of patterns of eco-engineering interventions across geographic localities; and (5) making the outcomes of eco-engineering research accessible in a practitioner-focused format for stakeholders. To address the first knowledge gap, Rapid Assessment Surveys (RAS) were conducted along the south coast of England. The central region of the south of England supported the most non-native species, while artificial and natural habitats differed in their assemblages of non-native species. Biological surveys in Plymouth Sound (UK) were conducted to address the second knowledge gap. α-diversity (taxon richness) was greater in natural compared to artificial habitats at multiple spatial scales, but β-diversity was greater in artificial compared to natural habitats at the larger spatial scale (m-km). To address the third and fourth knowledge gaps, habitat enhancement eco-engineering trials in Plymouth Sound in intertidal and subtidal habitats were conducted. Results were informally compared to those from equivalent experiments done along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. In general, habitat complexity had an effect on species diversity, but results were dependent on habitat and location. Lastly, an eco-engineering “user-guide” for practitioners was created that can serve as a template for future guides and frameworks as the science evolves and becomes freely accessible to end-users. This thesis evaluates outcomes in the context of their application to the management of eco-engineering in order to mitigate the negative effects of ocean sprawl

Pollinator Habitat on the University of Richmond Campus: Assessing the Success of Pollinator Meadows in the Gambles Mill Eco-Corridor

Globally, many insect pollinator populations are declining in response to anthropogenic harms including habitat loss due to land-use change and urbanization, climate change, increasing pesticide use, invasive species introductions, and increased pathogen transmission. In order to protect these insects, and the benefits they provide through pollination, habitat must be protected. Much of the effort to protect insect pollinator habitat is occurring in urban areas, where pollinators may struggle to find the resources they need to survive. The purpose of this study was to assess the success of three pollinator meadows created within the Gambles Mill Eco-Corridor (Eco-Corridor) on the University of Richmond (UR) campus in Richmond, VA. These meadows were designed to provide habitat to insect pollinators as part of UR’s recertification process as a Bee City USA certified Bee Campus. In order to assess the quality of habitat provided by these meadows, they were compared to three other sites on campus containing managed flower beds. At each site, five 1x1 meter quadrats were laid and the percent ground cover, individual number of plants, number of plant species, and presence of pollinators within each quadrat were recorded. Each presumed plant species was photographed and later identified, and its nativity to the area was noted. Results of these surveys suggest that the pollinator meadows do provide better habitat for insect pollinators than managed flower beds on campus. This information may be used to suggest to the campus Landscape Services Department ways to improve managed flower beds in terms of pollinator habitat. However, this study also revealed flaws within the pollinator meadows, and indicates a need for further planting projects to improve habitat on campus. Paper prepared for the Environmental Studies Senior Seminar. Faculty Advisor: Dr. Todd Lookingbil

A CUDA Fortran GPU-parallelised hydrodynamic tool for high-resolution and long-term eco-hydraulic modelling

Eco-hydraulic models are wide extended tools to assess physical habitat suitability on aquatic environments. Currently, the application of these tools is limited to short river stretches and steady flow simulations. However, this limitation can be overcome with the application of a high-performance computing technique: graphics processing unit (GPU) computing. R-Iber is a GPU-based hydrodynamic code parallelised in CUDA Fortran that, with the integration of a physical habitat module, performs as an eco-hydraulic numerical tool. R-Iber was validated and applied to real cases by using an optimised instream flow incremental methodology in long river reaches and long-term simulations. R-Iber reduces the computation time considerably, reaching speed-ups of two orders of magnitude compared to traditional computing. R-Iber allows for overcoming the current limitations of the eco-hydraulic tools with the simulation of high-resolution numerical models calculated in a reasonable computation timeframe, which provides a better representation of the hydrodynamics and the physical habitat.The contract of the D.D.-S. is funded by the International Center for Numerical Methods in Engineering (VAC-2021-1).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version